How long has finland existed

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Traffic in Finland. The Japanese were free to fish as much as they liked here without worrying about international laws, as long as they gave their fair share to Russia. As insane as it sounds, conspiracy theorists have come up with a significant amount of evidence to back up the idea that Finland does not exist.

The theorists go on to claim that the Trans-Siberian Railway was built to transport the catch from the Baltic Sea to Japan under the guise of Nokia hardware, which explains why Japan is the biggest importer of Nokia products despite the fact very few Japanese people use them. Another claim is that social democrats are using Finland as an idealised model for how a liberal social democracy should be. But what about the 5. The conspirators have an answer for that, too.

They say the Finnish people, while believing they live in Finland, are actually residing in small towns throughout Sweden, Estonia and Russia, in remote forested areas. This is where people travelling to Finland are actually flown to. However, as with any conspiracy theory, there is strong evidence against it.

For one thing, it is easy to see Finland from an airplane, spacecraft or satellite image. Theorists claim the images are altered, but it would take a lot of time and resources to change every single one. Every airline pilot who flies to Finland would also need to be bribed to keep the secret.

It would be impossible to trick an entire nation of people into believing they are from a fake country. Under the Treaty of Hamina in , which ended the war between Sweden and Russia fought in , Finland was incorporated into Russia. In , the parts of Karelia around Vyborg and to the north of Lake Ladoga were incorporated into the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.

Finland declared itself independent in December A state of war existed between Finland and Soviet Russia even though no major battles were fought. Under an interim peace treaty in , Finland again had to cede to the Soviet Union the areas around Vyborg and to the north of Lake Ladoga, the Petsamo area, and parts of the northern municipalities of Salla and Kuusamo.

Almost the entire population of these areas, some , people, were resettled in different parts of Finland. Finnish literature is going further than ever. Join our tour of prose, poetry and publishing and Finland-Swedish books. In , Denmark and Muscovy became allies with the aim of engaging Sweden in war on two fronts, and two years later Finland was invaded by Muscovite forces.

In Sweden and Muscovy made peace, and the borders of were reinstated. By Sweden had become a seperate state thanks to a revolt against the Kalmar Union led by Gustav Vasa, a Swedish nobleman, who became King Gustav I and founded a dynasty that would rule Sweden and Finland for over years. In the peasants of Finland revolted against Swedish exploitation.

They had become tired of the hardships they had been forced to endure the Russo-Swedish War of , and further enraged when they discovered that they would have to continue supplying the Swedish army with food, lodging and transport even after the Treaty of Tyavzino had been signed.

To make matters worse, there were allegations that the Swedish military were abusing the taxation system by taking more than they were entitled to by force. They succeeded in capturing Nokia manor and won a number of skirmishes against small cavalry forces, but were then defeated by Cas Fleming on January 1st and 2nd of The leader of the peasant revolt, Jaako Ilkka, was captured towards the end of January and executed. A second wave of insurgents were defeated on February 24th at Ilmajoki in the Battle of Santavuori.

In total, some 3, people died during the insurgency, mostly peasants from the regions of Ostrobothnia, Northern Tavastia and Savo.

Between and the Russian army occupied most of Finland, having already taken the city of Vyborg in The military occupation of Finland by Russia that followed lasted until the treaty of Nystad, signed in , and is known in Finland as the Greater Wrath. The Russian military retaliated by forcing Finnish peasants to pay large contributions to them, and plundering began to become widespread, especially in the region of Ostrobothnia and those communities located near to the major roads, with many churches being looted.

During the Greater Wrath some 5, Finns were killed and around twice that number taken as slaves, the vast majority of which would never return.

Thousands of Finns, mostly the ruling elite, bureaucrats and officials fled to the relative safety of Sweden, leaving the poorest peasants to flee into hiding in the forests in order to escape the occupiers and their press-gangs. Between and atrocities were at their worst as the Swedish Count Gustaf Otto Douglas was in charge of the occupation, having defected to the Russians during the war.

It is also worth remembering that Finland had had to endure the plague just as the Great Northern War began, with Helsinki alone seeing two-thirds of its population die in alone. In the Treaty of Nystad and the Stockholm treaties were signed; this saw Russia become the new major power in the region, and an emerging political force in Europe. The Hats ruled Sweden from to , and their foreign policy would lead the country into two costly and disastrous wars, the first being the Russo-Swedish War, known as the Hats War in Finland, from This war would lead to the Lesser Wrath, or the re-occupation of Finland by Russia.

Sweden declared war on Russia on August 8th, , after deploying some 8, troops, both Swedish and Finnish, along the border of Russia near the fortress town of Lappeenranta. By December the coup had been successful, but the new Tsarina, Elizaveta Petrovna, was taking advice from Aleksey Bestuzhev, her pro-Austrian chancellor, and reneged on her promises. Instead she chose to continue the war with Sweden. Key to her decision was her certain knowledge that there had been no threat to Saint Petersburg since September.

In September he had advanced on Lappeenranta with 20, troops and inflicted a major defeat on Lewenhaupt, the Swedish commander. Forced into retreat, Lewenhaupt was helpless to prevent Lacy capture Porvoo and Savonlinna. He finally encircled the entire Swedish army near Helsinki, forcing their surrender and effectively bringing the hostilities to an end. With the Swedish army having surrendered, the Russian army entered Turku then the capital of Finland , and Rumyantsev and Nolken negotiated a peace settlement.

Under its terms the Tsarina would evacuate her army from Finland and Adolf Frederick, who was the uncle of her own heir apparent, would be named as heir to the Swedish throne. Under the treaty, Sweden ceded a strip of Finland that included Hamina and Lappeenranta which was added to those territories Russia had already gained under the Treaty of Nystad in The War of Finland was to be the last war Sweden would fight, and brought to an end its influence in Europe.

Ironically, the War of Finland had very little to do with any problems that Sweden had with Russia when it first began, but was more to do with the European struggle for political power, especially the struggle between Britain and its historical enemy, France, now led by the Emperor Napoleon. Napoleon ruled Europe and prevented the British from entering European ports.

However, the British still had access to Swedish ports and continued to trade with continental Europe via Sweden. Russia had previously fought a war with the French Empire which had left it considerably weakened, and Napoleon was able to persuade Russia to become an ally, which made most of continental Europe powerless. However, Sweden was overly optimistic about its chances of surviving a Russian attack. In Finland the upper classes sided with the Russians, but the peasantry fought a guerilla war in many areas of the country, and in Hamina were led by the capable Colonel Sandel.

They left behind 36 ships for Sweden to use, 16 of which were battleships. At the same time, Russia was effectively dealing with the partisan movements in the east, which made things considerably easier for them in the south. As Sweden found itself trying to protect its borders with Denmark and Norway, it was forced to remove troops from Finland, and by the winter of Russia had taken all of the country. By the 25th a third force had encircled Tornio and forced its surrender. The new king negotiated a truce with the Russian commander in chief, Boris Knorring.